Hiking In Snow - The Ultimate Guide

Hiking In Snow can be a thrilling experience, but it comes with its own unique challenges. In this article, we will provide you with comprehensive winter hiking tips to ensure you have a safe and enjoyable adventure. From the best gear and clothing to tips for staying warm and navigating snowy terrain, we've got you covered. So, grab a warm drink and get ready to learn everything you need to know about hiking in the snow!

Don't go alone, take care of each other, check the weather before, then double and triple check the weather. Don't go hiking if you're not sure about the weather, delay your hike, it can be extremely dangerous. Make sure you are prepared with good navigation, as trail signs are covered with snow, making the hike more challenging than during the summer. Ensure that you wear the appropriate clothing, are familiar with all the safety drills, and have a good understanding of the basics of hiking in the snow.

Planning Your Hike

Check that the trail is open

When planning a cold weather hike, it's important to consider the possibility of park closures. To ensure your chosen state park or reserve is open during the winter season, check in advance. Many parks close from mid-fall through early spring, and even if a park is open, certain trails may still be closed due to conditions. Be sure to consult the park's posted information to stay informed about any trail closures.

Prepare for the weather

While you're probably monitoring the weather leading up to your trip, it's also important to check conditions just before departing. This step will help guarantee that you are suitably equipped for the weather. If conditions are hazardous or if you lack appropriate gear for the anticipated weather, it's better to postpone your hike until another day. Remember, the trail will always be available for you to tackle when you are better prepared.

 

General Winter Hiking Tips

Stay hydrated

Proper hydration is crucial for regulating your body temperature, particularly when hiking in the snow. Given the high level of physical exertion required for snow hiking and the fact that your body is already working hard to keep warm, you should pack more water than you think you'll need. Winter air is also dry, which further increases your body's need for hydration. If you're embarking on a long hike and don't want to carry all your water from the trailhead, consider bringing a small backpacking stove or a rapid water boiler to melt snow along the way.

If not, bring a hot drink, whether it's hot coffee or tea in a thermos or simply warm water, a warm drink can be a welcome treat. Since it's easy to forget to drink enough fluids in cold weather, a warm drink can also help motivate you to stay hydrated. Proper hydration is essential for your body's ability to regulate its temperature, so don't overlook its importance.

Eat snacks

Hiking in the snow can be a physically demanding activity, and your body will need fuel to keep warm and energized.It's important to bring food that is easy to eat on the go and won't freeze in the cold temperatures. Some good options include energy bars, trail mix, jerky, and dried fruit.. Make sure you pack snacks that are high in protein and carbs to keep you energized. For a healthier, longer-lasting energy boost, choose whole-grain snacks with lean proteins, such as nuts and seeds.

Sun protection

Even though the temperatures may be cooler, the snow can reflect a significant amount of UV radiation from the sun, which can increase your risk of sunburn and skin damage.

In fact, the risk of sunburn can be even higher in the snow than on a sunny day at the beach because the snow can reflect up to 80% of the sun's UV rays, compared to about 15% on sand or water. Additionally, high altitudes can also increase your risk of sunburn because there is less atmosphere to absorb UV radiation.

What To Wear For Winter Hiking

Winter Hiking Tops - 3 Layers

The layering system involves three components - a base layer that draws sweat away from your skin (never a cotton), a mid layer that offers insulation from the cold (fleece is a solid option), and a shell layer (a jacket) that protects against wind and moisture. Layering should be done in a way that allows for the addition or removal of layers during the hike to maintain a comfortable temperature and avoid excessive sweating. Though changing clothes during a hike can be inconvenient, it is crucial to remain dry, as getting wet on a chilly day could lead to hypothermia.

Winter Hiking Bottoms.

Wear waterproof and breathable pants, such as snow pants or ski pants. These pants will help keep you dry and warm by blocking snow and wind while allowing moisture to escape. Consider pants with insulation for added warmth in colder temperatures.

So if for the top there is no doubt everyone should wear 3 layers, pants are a more personal choice.. I always wear my non-insulated ski pants(shell), but my wife for the same hike puts on the base layer and shell.

Winter Hiking Gloves

When you choose gloves that will keep your hands warm and dry. Look for gloves that are waterproof and insulated.

My hands always get cold, so I use two layers of gloves - fleece gloves and shell mittens/gloves. And again, I use my Burton 2-layer GoreTex gloves - they are the best.

The huge advantage of 2 layers of gloves - you take the robust layer, use your phone, drink water, eat some snacks, and your hands aren't getting cold meanwhile.

Winter Hiking Hats

Did you know that your head is one of the primary culprits when it comes to losing body heat? It's true, and the solution is simple - wear a hat. Yes, my dear hikers, a hat is not just a fashion accessory but a crucial tool to retain your body heat and keep you warm and cozy during your trek. And let's not forget, it's always better to be prepared for the worst-case scenario, even if you think you won't need it. So, heed my words and pack a hat in your backpack like it's a non-negotiable part of your hiking gear. Trust me, your head (and body) will thank you for it.

Winter Hiking socks

Choose merino wool socks for your snow hike. While thicker socks provide better insulation, make sure they don't compress your boots too much, cutting off circulation. Keeping your feet dry is crucial, so consider packing an extra pair of socks for changing.

Winter hiking boots

Forget your sneakers, you need something that's waterproof, insulated, and provides excellent traction on slippery surfaces. Look for boots with thick rubber soles and deep treads that can dig into the snow and ice for a secure grip. Insulation is key, as you need to keep your feet warm and dry in the freezing temperatures. Don't skimp on quality; investing in a high-quality pair of winter hiking boots is an investment in your safety and comfort. Remember, your feet are your foundation when hiking, and in the snow, you need a solid foundation. So, before you hit the trails, make sure your feet are ready for the challenge

Neck gaiter/face mask

A good idea is to bring a neck gaiter or face mask if you're planning on hiking in the snow. It'll help protect your face from the cold wind and snow

Sunglasses

Protect your eyes from the sun and the wind. Several goggles and sunglasses allow you to switch lenses between different tints depending on the weather.

Gaiters

They may not be the most glamorous hiking accessory. But if you're traversing ungroomed snow, wear gaiters to avoid snow getting inside your boots. And let's not forget, gaiters are an excellent defense against the icy winds that can whip around your legs, chilling you to the bone.

Most ski pants come with built-in gaiters, so you are covered if you like me hiking with ski pants.

Microspikes/Crampons/Snowshoes

Winter hiking requires careful consideration of the trail conditions, and that includes being prepared for snow and ice. It's essential to equip yourself with footwear that offers superior traction, minimizing the risk of slips and falls. For winter hikes, you have three options: microspikes, crampons, and snowshoes, each designed for different conditions.

If you're hiking in deep snow, then snowshoes are your best option, with their light and wide frames that attach to your shoe, allowing you to cruise on top of the snow. Be sure to choose the right type of snowshoes for the level of snowshoeing you plan to undertake.

Microspikes, with their chain and spike construction, are perfect for flat terrain with icy conditions, and they won't break the bank.

Crampons, with their larger spikes, provide an excellent grip on steep and slick inclines, but they do add weight to your shoe and aren't comfortable to wear when walking normally.

Remember, before embarking on a winter hike, always check the weather forecast, and come prepared for the conditions. It's better to have the right gear and not need it than to need it and not have it.

Winter Hiking Safety

Avoid night

In winter, the daylight hours are shorter, so start hiking early to avoid being out late at night.

Hike together

Even if you're experienced, don't hike alone in the snow.

Hiking alone in the snow can be dangerous, as there is an increased risk of hypothermia, frostbite, and other cold-related injuries, as well as the potential for slips, falls, and getting lost. It is generally recommended to hike with a partner or group, especially in snowy or icy conditions, to help ensure your safety and provide assistance in case of an emergency.

Navigation

Navigating when hiking in snow is a challenge, especially when signs and trail markers are covered by high snowpack. Bring a reliable navigation device, along with a backup, as electronic GPS devices quickly drain their batteries in cold weather. Keep them warm in your pocket and bring an extra battery bank. If you use GPS, carry a paper map and compass in a plastic bag to keep them dry. A two-way satellite communicator and SOS device is also recommended, as it allows you to communicate with emergency contacts and send an SOS signal in areas without cell service.

If you're hiking in an area with good cell coverage, you can rely on your phone and a suitable app. I suggest AllTrails as it has an extensive database of trails across the U.S. and worldwide. Reviews from previous hikers with useful information such as road conditions, accessibility, and trail insights. The free version is excellent, but the paid version allows you to download trail maps for offline use and receive alerts if you go off-trail.

Avalanche

Snow avalanches can occur when there is a build-up of snow on a slope and the weight of the snow becomes too heavy, causing it to slide down the slope. Factors such as the steepness of the slope, the type and condition of the snow, and weather conditions can all contribute to the likelihood of an avalanche.

To identify and avoid snow avalanches while hiking, there are several things to keep in mind:

1. Know the conditions: Check the weather forecast and avalanche danger ratings before you go. Avoid hiking in areas with a high avalanche risk, such as steep slopes or areas with recent heavy snowfall or wind-loading.
2. Look for signs: Watch for recent avalanche activity, such as fractured or tilted trees, debris on the snow surface, and areas where the snow looks uneven or hollow.
3. Listen for sounds: Pay attention to cracking or whumping sounds as you hike, as these can be signs of an unstable snowpack.
4. Avoid steep slopes: Stay on gentle terrain and avoid steep slopes, especially those with an angle greater than 30 degrees.
5. Travel with a partner: Hike with a partner and stay within sight of each other, so that if an avalanche does occur, you can quickly locate each other and call for help.
6. Carry appropriate gear: Carry an avalanche beacon, probe, and shovel, and know how to use them. Practice using this equipment before you go on your hike.
7. Take a course: Consider taking an avalanche safety course to learn more about identifying and avoiding avalanche hazards.

Remember, avoiding avalanche danger is the best course of action. If you do find yourself caught in an avalanche, try to move to the side of the slide and grab onto something sturdy. When the slide stops, use your avalanche gear to locate and dig out anyone who may be buried.

Frozen rivers/lakes

Frozen rivers or lakes can be dangerous, especially if the ice is not thick enough to support a person's weight. It is important to check the ice thickness before crossing frozen bodies of water and to avoid areas with visible cracks or open water. Additionally, moving water under the ice can weaken it, so it is best to avoid crossing near areas with currents or where the ice appears to be thinner

Winter Hiking Injury

Bring with you first aid kit

It is highly recommended to bring a first aid kit with you when hiking in the snow. Hiking in snowy conditions can present unique challenges and risks, such as slip-and-fall accidents, hypothermia, and frostbite. It's important to be prepared for these risks by bringing a well-stocked first aid kit.

Your first aid kit should include basic items such as adhesive bandages, antiseptic wipes, gauze, medical tape, and scissors. You may also want to include items specific to cold weather conditions, such as hand warmers, a thermometer, and a thermal blanket.

In addition to a first aid kit, it's important to have knowledge of basic first aid techniques and how to properly respond to emergency situations. Consider taking a Wilderness First Aid course to learn more about how to handle emergency situations while hiking in the snow.

Wilderness First Aid Tips and Tricks from GearJunkie youtube channel.

Frostbite

Frostbite is a condition resulting from exposure to freezing temperatures, typically minus temperatures on celsius and below 30F, which causes damage to the skin and underlying tissues. While any part of the body can be affected, the extremities such as the hands, feet, ears, nose, and lips are particularly vulnerable. Frostbite can cause damage to your skin and underlying tissues, potentially in very extreme cases leading to permanent tissue damage and even the need for amputation.
The first signs of frostbite when hiking in the snow may include numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation in the affected area. The skin may appear pale or have a blue or purple tint, and it may feel cold or hard to the touch

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing the body's core temperature to drop below normal levels. it can impair your judgment, coordination, and decision-making abilities, making it difficult to continue your hike safely. In severe cases, hypothermia can be life-threatening and require immediate medical attention.

The first signs of hypothermia when hiking in the snow may include shivering, numbness or tingling in the extremities, clumsiness or lack of coordination, slurred speech, and confusion or difficulty thinking clearly. Other symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, and shallow breathing. It's important to take these symptoms seriously and take action to prevent further heat loss and warm up the body as soon as possible.

Other essentials to take with you on a winter hike that i didn't mention above

• Headlamp or flashlight with extra batteries
• Hand warmers and leg warmers
• A whistle
• Multi-tool or knife
• Lighter
• Hand warmers
• Trekking poles or ice axe for stability on icy trails
• Backup phone charger
• Cash and ID in case of emergency